环境同位素在水循环研究中的应用

Application of environmental isotopes in water cycle

环境同位素广泛存在于自然界水体中,在降水、地表水、地下水、土壤水和植物体内相互转化的水循环过程中,同位素的分馏效应导致不同水体具有不同的同位素含量。利用不同水体同位素含量之间的差异,可研究它们之间的相互转化方式及转化量。介绍了环境同位素在大气降水和降水-地表水-地下水“三水”之间转化中的研究进展,并阐述了其在水循环应用中存在的问题及应用前景。

Environmental isotope exists extensively in various kinds of water. Every kind of water has the distinct isotope composition because of the isotopic fractionation in the transfer and the circulation among precipitation, surface water, groundwater, soil moisture and plant water. The present status of isotope hydrology is reviewed with the accent on techniques which are most frequently used or the potential perhaps, as yet, not fully utilized. The topics included within the group of environmental isotope techniques are the recharging and the dating of groundwater, the elevation of recharge area, the runoff studies, the interaction of surface water with groundwater and the leakage between aquifers. With regard to the future this paper points out the need for a more quantitative approach to the interpretation and presentation of results