基于流域水循环模型的广义水资源评价(Ⅰ)——评价方法

Generalized water resources assessment based on watershed hydrologic cycle model Ⅰ.Assessment approach

本文针对传统水资源评价中仅以径流性水资源为评价对象、没有考虑生态系统对雨水资源的直接利用,不能反映水循环过程中的全部有效水量及其利用效率等问题,阐述了广义水资源(既包括径流性水资源,又包括植被、作物等生态系统利用的雨水资源)的概念,论述了广义水资源评价的必要性与可行性;提出了基于流域水循环模型的广义水资源评价方法和具体计算公式,并以分布式流域水循环模型WEP-L为例对广义水资源各构成部分如何计算进行了说明;提出了根据广义水资源各分量在循环利用过程中,是否发挥关键功效来初步界定“高效水量”和“低效水量”的评价方法。

The concept of generalized water resources is discussed and the necessity and feasibility ofassessment of generalized water resources are investigated. On the basis of watershed distributed hydrologic cycle models an approach for assessment of generalized water resoureces is established and corresponding computation formula is proposed. The procedure for calculating various components of generalized water resources by using the WEP-L model is given as an example for demonstration. A method for distinguishing the high efficiency utilized water and low efficiency utilized water according to the assessment of their effectiveness to be utilized is proposed.