中国沿海脉红螺(Rapana venosa)居群数量性状遗传多样性研究

QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON PHENOTYPIC GENETIC DIVERSITY OF RAPANA VENOSA IN CHINA'S COASTAL WATERS

采用多变量形态度量学方法,对丹东(DD)、大连(DL)、秦皇岛(QH)、烟台(YT)、青岛(QD)、连云港(LY)、日照(RZ)和舟山(ZS)脉红螺8个地理居群间的形态变异进行了比较研究,建立了居群形态聚类图和形态判别函数。结果显示:我国沿海脉红螺形态存在地理变异现象,愈向北群体间的形态变异愈明显。沿海8个居群可分为与其生态相关的两大类群,即内湾近岸类群和外海栖居类群。依据壳重/壳高为指标的差异系数判断,大连居群(DL)与相邻海域丹东(DD)和烟台(YT)居群间的差异程度达到亚种水平,其他居群间都属亚种水平下的单元。本实验所得壳的形态参数按Mayer等(1953)标准比较,秦皇岛居群(QH)仅是脉红螺的独立地方居群,尚达不到亚种水平,因此,构不成新种,传统分类上的“强棘红螺Rapanapeichiliensis”不存在。

In this paper, the author used multi-variant morphological measurement data to study the classification of eight wild populations of Rapana venosa （ Valenciennes, 1846 ） in coastal areas of Dandong, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Rizhao arid Zhoushan, China. Based on morphological features, clustering dendrogram and discriminant functions were constructed. The results indicated that there were some differences in terms of phenotypic characters among these populations, and there was a trend that the more obvious the difference was, the more northerly these populations lived. The 8 populations could divided into 2 groups ： inner bay ＋ inshore group, outshore group, based on the correlation on ecological factors. The coefficient of deviation （C.D.） of shell weight/shell height index, between Dalian population and 2 other neighboring populations （Dandong population, Yantai population） were 1. 5523 and 1. 3105, respectively. It shows that the degree of variations between them reached to the level of subspecies （ C.D. 〉 1.28）. The degree of variation among other populations were below the subspecies level. C.D.data analysis on body spiral height/shell height index showed that the degree of variation among 8 populations were all below the level of subspecies. Morphological measurements of R. venosa＇s shell were compared with Mayer et al （1953） standard. Qinhuangdao population was only one member of geographic populations of R. venosa, and its variation degree was below the subspecies level. In traditional view, R. venosa distributed in Qinhuangdao was regarded as a new species called R. peichiliensis. By our studies, R. peichiliensis should be regarded as an invalid name. To describe population relationship, even to reveal subspecies and cryptic species, allozyme electrophoresis and many other sensitive nucleic acid techniques, such as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers can be used. For validation on our phenotypic data, more works should be done in future using these techniques.