输油管道的最佳工作压力

The Optimal Operating Pressure for Oil Pipeline

输油管道的工作压力决定着输油泵站的数量和管材的用量,同时影响管道建设的投资和经营管理,所以,工作压力是输油管道设计的重要参数。多年来有一种认识,应该把高压力、大站距做为输油管道向高水平发展的重要指标。输油泵机组具有高的输送压力和较大的功率,泵站和管道的管材能承受高的工作压力,是提高工作压力首先必须具备的前提。提高工作压力,可减少泵站数量,同时却增加了管材的用量,选择管道建设总投资最低时的工作压力,就是最佳工作压力。为此,分析了影响管道工作压力的诸因素,通过推导计算,确定输油管道的最佳工作压力。认为最佳工作压力值与所用管材的许用应力成正比,与管径值成反比,随着管道自动化程度的提高、输油机组功率的增大,泵站建设投资随之增大,这将促使最佳工作压力值进一步加大。

The number of pumping station and the consumption of pipes are decided by the operating pressure of oil pipeline,which influences the investment in pipeline construction and management at same time,so,the operating pressurte is an important parameter of pipeline design. For years there have been a general viewpoint that a high operating pressure and a long station spacing should be taken as an important index to the high level of oil pipeline development. The first precondition of increasing operating pressure is that the pump units must have a high working pressure and/or a heavier power,and the pipes used in pump station and/or trunk line can resistant to a higher operating pressure. Increasing the operating pressure can reduce the number of pump station but moreover the pipe consumption goes high,so the optimal operating pressure is the operating pressure selected at the time when the total investment is the lowest in pipeline construction. For this reason,the various factors influencing operating pressure of pipeline are analyzed and the optimal operating pressure is determined through derivation and calculation. It is considered that the optimal value of operating pressure is directly proportional to the allowable stress of the pipe used,and inversely proportional to the diameter value of the pipe. The optimal operating pressure will further increase along with the improvment of pipeline automatic control and expansion of pump units' power,as well as the increment of investment in pump station construction.