发情期及其后的麇鹿活动时间分配及社群行为的比较研究

The Comparative Study on the Time Budget and Social Behavior of David's Deer (elaphurus davidinas) from Rutting until post-rutting Season.

麋鹿(Elaphurus davidius)原产于中国东南沿海一带,古地理分布大致在东经110°以东和北纬43°以南广大区域[2],其野生种群在1700年以前就已灭绝[3]于我国东南部[4]。目前世界上约有1500头麇鹿,除我国境内江苏大丰麇鹿自然保护区内约有80头再引入的个体[4]外,其余分散于各动物园内。麋鹿的发情期为6～8月份,此期的活动时间分配已有报道[5]],但发情期后的活动时间分配和行为尚未见研究报道。笔者于1994年9月24日至26日在上海西郊动物园对麋鹿的活动和行为进行了观察研究。 1 对象及研究方法所观察的鹿群生活于约50m×30m的用铁丝网拦起的鹿园内,园内有水沟、泥沼地、干土地、假山、水泥地及摄食区。

The time budget and social behavior of David's Deer in post-rutting season were reported and contrasted with those in rutting season. In post-rutting season, the master and adult females spent more time on resting and less time on feeding than bachelor; the feeding behavior of both master and bachelor was defferent in time and space but may coincide with that of adult females; David's Deer herd spent more time on resting, feeding, and drinking and less time on standing and moving than those in rutting season; the herd is prefered hard soil and feeding zone in terms of habitat selection; the affiliative behavior existed among the master and adult females. Artificial selection decreased the frequency of fighting behavior and increased that of homing and territory behavior, which was closedly related to sexual behavior.