棉麦套作不同种植方式棉田生态效应分析

Analysis of Ecological Effects Under Different Cropping Patterns of Relay Cropping Cotton.

棉麦套作是我国棉麦产区主要的两熟制种植方式。小麦、棉花在田间的合理配置是充分利用农业资源,夺取棉花高产优质的基础。近年来,棉麦两熟制种植面积发展迅速,田间配置方式各种各样,其中主要模式有3:1式、3:2式、4:2式和6:2式。对不同种植模式的有关技术,棉田群体光能分布及干物质积累与分配的研究已有一些报道。但是,考虑棉麦两种作物共生,比较系统地研究棉田生态因子的变化还未见有报道。因此,本文从棉花移栽前,棉麦共生期及棉花花铃期等备时段,对棉田生态因子的变化进行了较系统的观测,旨在阐明棉麦套作不同配置模式的棉田生态效应,为筛选棉麦套作的优化配置提供依据。

The results to the ecological effects under cotton field of five cropping patterns shown that before wheat harvested, soil temperature and light intensity in cotton field of relay cropping were lower than that of sole cropping cotton, and the sFDMcqucnce from low to high was 3:1<6: 2<4:2<3:2<sole cropping , while the soil water eentents under cotton field of relay cropping were higher than that in sole cropping. Durring flower and boll stage, light codition under 3 : 1 pattern was the best and in sole cropping was the worst. Consequently, numbers of boll per plant and the yield in 3 : 1 pattern were the highest, but the flowering rate in prc-frost was the lowest in the five cropping patterns.