论弱势语言生存的基本要素

On the Basic Prerequisites for the Survival of Vulnerable Languages

语言是一种特殊的文化现象,对社会环境有着强烈的依附性,任何语言都要依附于特定的社会环境,拥有固定的使用人群,使用者内部有一定的认同感和共同的文化基础,语言社区要保持相对稳定,没有大的社会动荡出现。此外,同一区域内不同的语言使用者群体之间要以尊重、理解的态度去对待对方的语言。以上是一种语言,尤其是弱势语言赖以生存的基本要素,其中任何一项缺失,都必然会导致语言出现生存危机,并最终消亡。

Language is a special cultural phenomenon in which each language has to be used in a certain social environment and language community that is relatively stable and free of social turbulence, by a certain group of people who share the same identity and cultural basis. What＇s more, speakers of different languages in a multi-language community should respect and accept each other＇s languages. All the above are the basic prerequisites for the survival of a language, especially of a vulnerable language. Absence of any one of these factors will lead to survival crisis or even extinction of a language.