有机磷农药对土壤动物群落结构的影响研究

EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SOIL ANIMALS

本文研究了有机磷农药废水灌溉对土壤动物群落结构的影响，并探讨了影响机理。结果表明，土壤动物种类和数量随着农药影响程度的增加而减少，在农药污染影响严重的１、２区，计有土壤动物２１类和２２类，动物平均密度为２８５７１个／ｍ２和５１２６９个／ｍ２，受中度和轻度污染影响的３、４区分别有３５类和４７类，平均密度为５９２８５个／ｍ２和１５６５８７个／ｍ２。污染区土壤动物种类的减少主要由于常见类群和稀有类群的减少，土壤动物的数量变化则主要由于优势类群线虫类、弹尾类和蝉螨类的数量消长所致。毒理研究表明，农药污染对大型土壤动物蚯蚓的呼吸代谢强度有明显抑制作用；扫描电镜观察发现，重度和中度污染区星豹蛛肠粘膜细胞层出现弥漫性溃疡、肿大、穿孔等病理变化。

This paper deals with the changes of soil animal community structure in contami- nated and irrigated area by organophosphorus pesticide, and inquired into the mechanism of this effect. The results showed that the species and quantities of the soil animals were de- creased with increasing of pesticide pollution degree. In heavy pollution area, 1, 2 plot, there were 21 species and 22 species of the soil animals collected, the animal densities were 28 571 and 5l 269 ind. /m2 respectively. In middle and light pollution area, 3, 4 plot,there were 35 and 47 species of soil animals, the densities were 29 285 and 156 587 ind./m2. The species of soil animals was decreased with decreasing of common population and rare population, while the amount chan0ge of soil animal was associated with the amount change of the dominant pop- ulations of Acarina, Collembola and Nematode. Toxicity experiment demonstrated that the respire intensity of earthworm was restricted obviously by the pesticide pollution. After obser-vation with scanning electron microsoope, pervasive ulcer, tumid and perforation etc. on in-testinal catarrh could be found in Porodosa astrigera collected from heavy and middle polluted area.