酸雨对重庆几种土壤中元素释放的影响

THE INFLUENCES OF ACID RAIN OF THE LIBERATION OF SEVERAL ELEMENTS FROM VARIOUS SOIL TYPES IN CHONGQING

本文通过一个严格的实验设计，研究了荒地，人工马尾松林，樟树林，公园耕作土等４种土壤的自然土柱在受到完全根据天然降水而配制成的不同酸度的人工模拟酸雨在严格的人工控制下的淋洗后，淋洗液的ｐＨ值变化和各种物质元素浓度的变化规律。表明了重庆南山的几种主要土壤都存在一定的抗酸化能力，在这个临界值范围内，土壤溶液的ｐＨ值及其中物质的元素浓度都相对稳定；而在此范围以外，土壤溶液ｐＨ值急剧下降。Ａｌ３＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋离子浓度爆发式地增加，而其他元素则相对稳定，这就证明了酸雨通过土壤危害植物的一种方式，同时，文章还分析了几种土壤类型的抗酸雨能力的相对强弱以及它们的Ｃａ／Ａｌ摩尔浓度比。

Based on a strict experimental design,four soil types that are sterile land,manmade Masson Pine forest soil,Camphors forest soil and cultivated soil from Nanshan Park were selected to be leached by simulated acid rain of four pH values.The results show that all the four types of soil had some capability of anti-acidification and in this range,the pH of leached solution and elements in it could keep relative stable.However,out of this range,the pH of leached solution dropped greatly and the canon Al,Ca,Mg increased dramatically.At the same time, this paper analysed the damages of terrestrial ecosystem by high concentration of aluminium according to the ratio of Ca/Al and the aluminium content.