马鹿和狍饲料植物的营养质量

SEASONAL NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF RED DEER AND ROE DEER FORAGES IN SOUTHERN XIAO XINGAN MOUNTAINS,CHINA

本项研究测定了１４种木本植物的枝和叶以及苔草、非禾本和莎草科草、蕨、榆树皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）、中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ）、酸性洗涤纤维（ＡＤＦ）、钙（Ｃａ）、磷（Ｐ）、钠（Ｎａ）、钾（Ｋ）等营养成分和体外干物质消化率（ＩＶＤＤＭ）。结果表明，各类饲料植物中营养成分的含量存在显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。木本植物叶中ＣＰ的含量在全年呈最高趋势，枝条中ＣＰ含量为最低；木本植物枝条中ＮＤＦ和ＡＤＦ的四季含量最高，非禾本和莎草科草中的ＮＤＦ和ＡＤＦ的含量最低。Ｃａ在木本植物的枝条和非禾本及莎草科草中的四季含量最高，在苦草中的含量最低；Ｋ在非禾本和莎草科草以及蕨类中的四季含量最高，在木本植物枝条中的含量最低；Ｐ和Ｎａ在各类饲料植物中的四季含量变化很大。木本植物枝条中ＣＰ含量的季变化很小，木本植物的叶、苔草、非禾本和莎草科草及蕨中ＣＰ的含量从春到秋逐渐减少。各类饲料植物中ＮＤＦ和ＡＤＦ在春季的含量明显地低于其它季节。Ｋ在各类饲料植物中的含量由春季到冬季呈下降趋势，而Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｎａ在不同饲料植物中的含量表现出不同的季节变化。马鹿和狍对饲料植物干物质的体外消化率与饲料植物中ＣＰ的含量存在显著的正相关，与ＡＤＦ存在显著的负相关。

In this study, the contents of 8 nutrients(CP,NDF,ADF,IVDDM,Ca,P,Na,K)were measured for the twigs and leaves of 14 browse species, sedges,forbs,ferns and the bark of Ulmus spp.,collected in the southern Xiao Xingan Mountains,northeastern China,from 1991 to 1992.The results show that there was a significant difference in the content of those 8 nutrients for each forage item(P<0.05).The seasonal content of crude protein was highest and lowest in the leaves and the twigs of browses,respectively.The seasonal content of neutral and acid detergent fiber(NDF and ADF)reached highest in the browse twigs, and decreased to the lowest level in forbs.The seasonal content of calcium was highest in the browse twigs and forbs,and lowest in the sedges.For the potassium,it was highest in the forbs and ferns,and lowest in the browse twigs.The seasonal content of phophorus and sodium changed greatly,and showed no consistant patterns in each forage item.The content of crude protein showed alittle seasonal variation in the browse twigs,but it decreased continuously in the browse leaves,sedges,forbs and ferns,from spring to autumn.Each forage item had lower content of NDF and ADF in spring than in other seasons.There was a decreasing trend in the content of potassium while different seasonal pattern of change existed in the content of calcium, potassium and sodium for each forage item from spring to winter.The in vitro digestible dry matter was positively and negatively related to the content of crude protein and ADF,respectively.