环境中石油烷烃迁移的数量特征

Quantitative characteristics of translocation of petro-alkane in environment

使用１４Ｃ－正十六烷示踪技术，研究了石油烃在土壤水稻系统的传输、累积和分布．结果表明，当土壤中沉积的油量达到１８０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时，水稻枯萎．插秧前均匀拌入土壤的油量达到３００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时，水稻生长发育正常．草甸棕壤稻田土，正十六烷的分配系数Ｋｄ为２１６．其在土壤水稻系统的分布顺序为水稻＞水＞土壤．按残留量大小排序为水＞土壤＞水稻．一茬水稻生长期，矿物油损失量是总量的３９％．石油污染区，其年径流携带量占土壤可淋溶总量的５８％．

The translocation,accumulation and distribution of petro-alkane in soil-rice system are studied with 14C-hexadecane tracer technique.The results show that when the deposition amount of mineral oil in soil arrives at 180 mg·kg-1,rice plant will be withered. But,it can grow normally if the soil is mixed with 300 mg·kg-1 of mineral oil before its transplanting.In meadow brown soil planted with rice,the distribution coefficient(Kd)of hexadecane is 216, and its distribution in soil-rice system is rice>water>soil.The residual amount of hexadecane is decreased with the order of water> soil>rice.In rice growing period,the loss amount of mineral oil occupies 39% of the total.At oil-polluted area,the annual amount of mineral oil carried-out by runoff occupies 58% of its total loss.