中国城市工业所有制结构多元化研究

DIVERSIFYING INDUSTRIAL OWNERSHIPS IN CHINESE CITIES

在转型经济中,城市经济活力和竞争力源于多种经济类型并存的所有制结构。渐进式市场化改革推动了中国工业所有制结构的多元化,改变了城市工业所有制结构。沿海城市和省会城市所有制结构较为复杂,多元化程度高;内陆中小城市、矿业城市和重工业城市的所有制相对简单。统计分析表明,企业、产业与区位特定因素决定了城市所有制结构多元化程度。历史时期国有企业比重越高,企业数量越少,工业企业平均规模越大,则城市工业所有制结构就越简单;发达的第三产业将推动所有制结构多元化,而依托资源的工业经济将阻碍多种所有制经济的发展;城市经济规模大、人口密度高、交通网络发达以及沿海区位等有利于促进所有制结构的多元化,这也表明集聚效应能够吸引市场导向型企业向城市聚集。

A diversified ownership structure might enhance the urban competitiveness in transitional economies. The gradualism strategy of economic reform in China has promoted the diversification of industrial ownerships and brought dramatic changes in ownership structure in Chinese cities. Coastal cities and provincial capitals in general have more diversified ownerships than inland medium and small cities, resource - based cities and heavy- industry based cities. Statistical results suggest that firm- related, industry - related and locational factors together determine the process of diversifying industrial ownerships. The state - owned enterprises possessed more dominant in 1995, the rate of industrial enterprises lesser; the size of industrial enterprises was larger, then the industrial ownership structure was simple. Developed third estate may facilitate the sectorial entry of non- state owned while heavy industrial structure may become a barrier to them. Non - state owned sectors are more developed in large cities, populated areas with developed transportation networks and in the coastal areas, which indicates that agglomeration economies may be attract in diversifying the state- controlled ownership.