湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、安徽省石煤矿区环境介质中天然放射性核素水平调查

Investigation of Natural Environmental γ Radionucilides Levels in Bonecoal Mine Areas of 5 Provinces

湖北、湖南、江西、浙江和安徽省石煤储藏量占全国的90％以上。1991～1993年，由国家环保局和中国核工业总公司合作，组织开展了“放射性伴生石煤矿开发和利用对环境影响研究”调查，其中，上述5省石煤矿区土壤、石煤（渣）、碳化砖、水和气溶胶等环境介质中天然放射性核素水平调查是其主要项目之一。调查中采集土壤样品39个，水样34个，气溶胶样品8个，石煤样品81个，石煤渣样品58个，碳化砖样品44个。调查结果表明：5省被调查石煤矿区土壤中^238U和^236Ra平均含量分别为0．37和0．24kBq／kg；石煤、石煤渣和碳化砖中^226Ra的平均含量分别约为1．3、1．4和0．9kBq／kg；矿区排出水样中天然铀和^226Ra平均浓度分别为33μg／L和58mBq／L；矿区外水塘和江河水样中天然铀和^226Ra平均浓度为分别3．4μg／L和45mBq／L；矿区气溶胶样品^238U和^226Ra平均浓度分别为0．6和0．5mBq／m^3。

Bonecoal deposits in Provinces of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Anhui amounts to more than 90% across the country. A survey, ＂The Study of the Environmental Impacts from the Developments and Uses of Bonecoal Mines Associated with Radioactivity＂, was launched in 1991 - 1993 under the joint effort of NEPA and CNNC. This survey focus on radionuclide levels in soils, bonecoal cinder, carbonized brick, water, aerosols in the environment. A total of 39 soil samples, 34 water samples, 8 aerosol samples, 81 bonecoal samples, 58 cinder samples and 44 carbonized samples were collected. The results shows that the contents of ^238U and ^236Ra in soils are, on average, 0.37 and 0.24 kBq/kg, respectively;the contents of ^226Ra in bonecoal, cinder and carbonized brick are 1.3, 1.4 and 0.9 kBq/kg, respectively; the averaged concentrations of natural uranium and 226Ra in effluents in mine area are 33 μg/L and 58 mBq/L, respectively, and 3.4 μg/L and 45 mBq/L in river and pond outside the area, respectively; the averaged concentrations of ^238U and ^226Ra in mien area are 0.6 and 0.5 mBq/m^3.