飞行人员心理健康量表修订版的效度检验

Validity test of mental health inventory-the revised version in pilots

目的:评价飞行人员心理健康量表修订版的效度。方法:于2005-05/08采用整群抽样方法抽取包括空军各机种(强击机、运输机、教练机、歼击机、直升机和轰炸机等)、各地区(东北、西北、华东和华南等)及不同年龄组的男性军事飞行员共1242人为调查对象,分批进行飞行人员心理健康量表修订版现场测评。该量表包括4个应用维度(心理健康、外显行为、自我肯定、业绩成就),12种人格因素(自信性、充沛性、性格倾向性、进取性、敢为性、律己性、过度自我关心、情绪稳定性、焦虑性、乐观性、敏感性、紧张性)。数据经整理后,采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行同质性检验、结构效度检验及效标关联效度检验[以“飞行人员专业活动的9分制评定”得出的飞行员飞行成绩作为效标,采用区分法,按飞行成绩分为高分组(7,8,9分),低分组(1～6分),进行t检验]。结果:发放问卷1242份,全部收回并合格,有效率100%。①项目分析以鉴别力指数低于0.20,相关系数低于0.30为标准,删除31道题目,保留165道题目。②测验的同质性检验结果显示分半信度平均值为0.61,α系数平均值为0.65。③量表各个因子之间相关系数计算结果计算后发现除过度自我关心与情绪稳定性、情绪稳定性与焦虑性、焦虑性与乐观性;乐观性与敏感性相关系数稍高外,其余各因素均在0.490范围内。④对12个因子进行探索性因素分析,KMO统计量为0.900,适合进行因子分析。Bartlett球形检验χ2值为5955.382,存在显著性意义(P<0.001)。12个因子可归纳为4个维度。心理健康维度着重与外显行为及进取行为有关,由自信性、敏感性、焦虑性、过度自我关心构成较高负荷;自我肯定维度着重与自我肯定有关,由自信性构成较高负荷;业绩成就维度着重与业绩成就特征有关,由律己性、情绪稳定性构成高负荷。⑤以飞行成绩为效标,飞行成绩高低两组间在量表中有自信性、性格倾向性、敢为性、过度自我关心、情绪稳定性、焦虑性、乐观性、敏感性、紧张性9个因子测验分数差异均有显著性意义。结论:飞行人员心理健康量表修订版具有较好的效度,能够较准确、全面地反映飞行人员个性及心理健康的内涵。

AIM： To assess the validity of mental health inventory （MHl）-the revised version in pilots. METHODS： Totally 1 242 male military pilots, who were engaged in various kinds of air-force planes （attack plane, transport plane, trainer, fighter plane, helicopter and bomber, etc.）, each region （northeast, northwest, eastern China and southern China, etc.） and different ages, were enrolled as investigational objects with cluster sampling method from May to August 2005. They were measured with MHl-the revised version in groups. The scale contained 4 dimensions （psychological health, explicit behavior, selfaffirmation, achievement） and 12 kinds of personality factors （self-confidence, abounding, character proneness, aggressiveness, courage, self-discipline, over self-care, emotional stability, anxiety, optimism, sensitivity, tonicity）. After disposing data, SPSS 11.0 statistical package was used to perform homogeneity test, structural validity test and criterion related validity test [taking ＂9 scores of professional pilots＂ as criterion of flying score, with discrimination method, including high score group （7, 8, 9 points） and low score group （1-6 points） according to flying score to perform t test]. RESULTS： Totally 1 242 questionnaires were sent out and all were retrieved with the effective rate of 100%. ①Taking discrimination index of less than 0.20 and contiguous coefficient of less than 0.30 as criteria in item analysis, 31 topics were deleted, and 165 topics were retained. ②Homogeneity test showed that split-half reliability were 0.61, averagely and a coefficient were 0.65, averagely. ③Contiguous coefficient of each factor was within 0.490 except that between over self-care and emotional stability, between emotional stability and anxiety, between anxiety and optimism as well as between optimism and sensitivity. ④Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in 12 factors. KMO statistic content was 0.900, which was fit for factor analysis. Bartlett globular test showed that there was significant difference （X^2=5 955.382, P 〈 0.001）. The 12 factors could be in- duced to four dimensions. Psychological health dimension stressed and were associated with explicit behavior and aggressiveness, and the higher loading was composed of self-confidence, sensitivity, anxiety and over selfcare. Self-affirmation dimension stressed and were associated with self-affirmation, and the higher loading was composed of self-confidence. Achievement dimension stressed and were associated with achievement, and higher loading was composed of self-discipline and emotional stability. ⑤Taking flying score as criterion, there was significant difference in scores of self-confidence, character proneness, courage, over self-care, emotional stability, anxiety, optimism, sensitivity and tonicity in the high and low score groups. CONCLUSION： MHl-the revised version for pilots has good validity, can reflect the real essence of personality and mental health of pilots definitely and fully.