急性心理应激和运动应激对免疫功能的影响

Influence of acute psychological stress and exercise stress on the changes of immune function

目的:分析近10年来急性心理应激和急性运动应激对免疫功能影响的文献,探讨急性应激导致机体免疫功能改变的生理机制。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库1996/2005期间的相关文章,检索词“psychologicalstress,exercise,immune”,并限定语言种类为“English”。同时计算机检索中国学术期刊全文数据库2000/2005期间的相关文章,检索词为“急性心理应激、运动、免疫”。资料选择:对资料进行初步审查,选取符合要求的有关文献,并查找全文。纳入标准:①有关急性心理应激对免疫系统影响的研究原著。②有关运动引起免疫系统改变的研究原著。排除标准:①重复的研究和Meta分析类文章。②慢性心理应激的文章。③长时间或长期运动的文章。资料提炼:共收集到43篇有关心理应激对免疫系统影响及运动锻炼对免疫系统影响的文献,排除重复或类似的研究等不符合其他标准的文章,纳入21篇。心理因素对免疫系统影响的文献有13篇,运动影响免疫功能的文献有8篇。资料综合:急性应激主要通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴和交感神经系统引起机体免疫系统的变化。急性心理应激引起外周血中自然杀伤细胞数量显著升高,中性粒细胞数增加,自然杀伤细胞毒性显著升高,T细胞对刀豆素A和植物血凝素的增殖反应能力明显下降,细胞因子白细胞介素6和干扰素γ生成增加。急性运动应激不仅造成自然杀伤细胞数量和毒性的提高,而且T抑制/细胞毒细胞增加以及其对有丝分裂原增殖反应下降,并导致分泌型IgA水平升高。结论:各种类型的急性应激包括体育运动和情绪应激都能影响免疫功能。急性心理应激加强快速的、聚合能量的自然免疫,同时消耗时间和能量的特异性免疫被抑制;急性运动应激对免疫功能的影响与急性心理应激大致相似,主要受运动的类型和强度的影响。

OBJECTIVE： To analyze articles about the changes of immune function after acute psychological stress and acute exercise in recent ten years, and explore the physiological mechanism of the changes of immune function induced by acute stress. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based search was conducted in Pubmed database for relevant English articles published between 1996 and 2005 with the key words of ＂psychological stress, exercise, immunity＂. Meanwhile, relevant Chinese literatures published from 2000 to 2005 were searched in Chinese Academic Journal Index by using the key words of ＂ psychological stress, exercise, immunity＂. STUDY SELECTION： Data were checked in the first trial, literatures in accordance with the criteria were selected and looked for the full text. Inclusion criteria： ①The original works on the influences of acute psychological stress on immunity system. ②The original works on the influences of exercise on immunity system. Exclusion criteria： ①Repetitive studies and Mata analytic articles.②Articles about chronic psychological stress.③Articles about chronic or long-term exercise. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 43 articles about the influences of psychological stress and exercise on immune system were collected, while repetitive studies or similar researches being not in accordance with the criteria were excluded. Twenty-one articles were enrolled, including 13 literatures about the effect of psychological factors on immune system and 8 studies about the effect of exercise on immune system. DATA SYNTIIESIS：Acute stress affected the immune system mainly by inducing the changes of organism through hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and sympathetic nervous system. Acute stress resulted in marked increase in the number of natural killer cells and neutrophile granulocyte in peripheral blood, significant increase of natural killer cell cytotoxicity, obvious decrease in response of T cells＇ responsibility to the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin （PHY） and concanavalin A （ConA） as well as increased production of IL-6 and immunoreactive fibronectin （IFN） r. The number and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells increased significantly following acute exercise. The secretory IgA and the number of Tc significantly increased at the same time of mitogen-stimulated proliferative responses obviously decreased. CONCLUSION： Various types of acute stressors, including physical exercise and emotional stress can influence the immune function, Acute psychological stressors can enhance quick, energy-efficient natural immunity, and certain aspects of specific immunity that consume time and energy were suppressed simultaneously. In general, the effects of acute exercise stress on immune system is fundamentally similar to that of acute psychological stressors, which mainly depends on the type and intensity of exercise.