大脑认知功能的神经影像学研究现状

Current researches of cognitive neuroimage

目的:综合分析国内外关于认知的神经影像研究,以期进一步了解大脑认知功能的神经机制。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1995-01/2006-03有关大脑认知功能和神经影像学表现的文献,检索词为“brain,cognitive,imaging”,并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取近5年与大脑认知功能影像学表现有关的随机、对照研究及Meta分析。筛除内容重复的文献。资料提炼:经过筛选共收集到20篇有关大脑认知功能神经影像的文章,其中包含了记忆、注意和语言等方面的研究。资料综合:大脑认知功能的神经机制尚不明了,目前利用功能影像学方法如脑电图、脑磁图、正电子发射断层和功能磁共振成像等,可以对大脑记忆、注意、语言和情感等各个功能区进行精确定位并对其作用途径做以初步探索。结论:通过结构影像与功能成像,尤其是功能磁共振成像在大脑认知功能研究中的广泛应用,获得了关于大脑结构与功能的重要信息,但是只通过神经影像并不能解释大脑功能的神经机制。

OBJECTIVE： To further understand the neural mechanisms responsible for cognitive functions on the basis of summarizing the study on cognitive neuroimage at home and abroad. DATA SOURCES： Using the key terms of ＂brain, cognitive, imaging＂, we searched the Medline database from January 1995 to March 2006 for the relevant articles to the cognitive function and neuroimage published in English. STUDY SELECTION： All the articles were selected firstly. The randomized and controlled study, review and Meta analysis about cognitive neuroimage in the recent five years were included; The duplicated ones were deleted, DATA EXTRACTION＂ A total of 20 articles were collected, which were relevant to cognitive neuroimage including memory, attention and language studies. DATA SYNTHESIS： The neural mechanisms of cognitive functions are unclear. Presently the brain functional areas, which are related with memory, attention, language and emotions, can be located precisely by various functional images, such as electroencephalogram, magnetoencephalograph, positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. And the possible mechanisms are discussed. CONCLUSION： A large amount of information about brain structure and functions can be gained through the widely application of structural imaging and functional imaging especially fMRI in brain cognitive function studies, but neuroimage can not interpret the neural mechanisms alone.