山西省饮水型氟中毒重病区县病情现状调查

Endemic fluorosis prevalence in the counties of severe disease areas of Shanxi Province

目的掌握目前山西省饮水型氟中毒(地氟病)重病区地氟病病情现状,为制定科学有效的防治策略提供可靠依据。方法根据山西省地氟病重病区的分布特点,选取4个重病区县(区),每个病区县(区)按照分层整群抽样的方法抽取调查点,对每个调查点8～12岁儿童氟斑牙及成人重度氟骨症患者患病情况进行临床检查；水氟、尿氟采用氟离子选择电极法。结果各县(区)改水任务完成情况相差较大,改水完成率最低的是15．71%,最高为76．36%。大部分改水病区的水氟与改水前相比呈下降趋势,盐湖区下降幅度最大。儿童尿氟均值2．71mg/L,各县(区)病区中儿童氟斑牙患病程度不一,最高检出率为86．91%,未发现成人重度氟骨症患者。结论山西省水氟状况有所好转,地氟病病区病情依然较重,今后应加大改水力度,保证工程质量,进一步提高防治效果。

Objective To explore the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in severely prevailing counties in Shanxi Province, and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective strtigies in prevention and control. Methods Four counties were selected according to the distribution feature of severe disease areas in Shanxi Province. The investigation spots were selected by stratified and clustered sampling in every county. Dental fluorosis of 8 ～ 12 years old children and sufferers with serious skeletal fluorosis were examined in each spots. The fluoride levels in water and urine were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The rate of water defluoridation varied among the four counties with the lowest being 15.71% and the highest 76.36%. The fluoride levels in water were dropped gradually in most disease areas where water was improved, and it was dropped the greatest in Yanhu County. Averaged urine fluorine of children in Shanxi Province was 2.71 mg/L. Dental fluorosis prevalence rates of children varied in counties, the highest being 86.91%. Conclusions The fluoride content in water of Shanxi Province is decreasing. The prevalence of endemic fluorosis is still serious. Therefore, water improvement should be reinforced and the quality of the water-improving project should be guaranteed in order to gain a better effect of prevention and treatment.