牡蛎提取物对足球运动员免疫功能的调节作用

Regulatory effect of the oyster's extracts on immune function of football players

目的:观察足球运动员在两周大运动量训练期间服用牡蛎提取物对机体免疫功能的调节。方法:实验于2005-12/2006-01在辽宁师范大学体育学院完成。选择大连实德三队健康男性足球运动员16名。①分组:按名单顺序随机分为两组,单号为对照组,双号为实验组:对照组8名,年龄(16±3)岁,身高(176.08±8.89)cm,体质量(75.36±4.20)kg;实验组8名,年龄(15±5)岁,身高(175.60±8.47)cm,体质量(74.28±4.10)kg。②给药:实验组训练同时服用含牡蛎提取物的胶囊(韩国Duckman公司生产并提供,批号DP59483),3次/d,15g/d,共14d。对照组服用等量的安慰剂(颜色相同的胶囊内填普通饼干屑)。③训练方案:5d为一个周期,每个周期前3d进行大强度训练,后2d为小强度训练。每天上午2h技术和战术训练,下午2.5h模拟比赛和身体素质训练。体能训练时心率控制在180次/min左右;技能训练时心率控制在170次/min左右。共训练2周。④训练前后运动员分别于安静状态下抽取肘静脉血5mL,肝素抗凝,经离心后取上清液,用真空采血管制备血清后存放于-20℃冰箱,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素2,可溶性白细胞介素2受体和肿瘤坏死因子水平。采用免疫比浊法测定补体C3,C4含量。结果:16名运动员均进入结果分析。①血液白细胞介素2和补体C3含量:实验组实验后显著高于实验前[(119.47±41.2),(59.46±23.5)ng/L;(1264.7±174.0),(1132.3±147.8)mg/L,P<0.05],实验后实验组显著高于对照组[(119.47±41.2),(76.34±31.3)ng/L;(1264.7±174.0),(1045.1±162.0)mg/L,P<0.05]。②血液可溶性白细胞介素2受体浓度:实验组实验后显著低于实验前[(401.94±40.3),(518.14±34.2)ng/L,P<0.05],实验后实验组显著低于对照组[(401.94±40.3),(523.1±37.2)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论:牡蛎提取物能维持运动员免疫系统机能的相对稳定,对大运动量训练期间运动员的免疫机能产生良好影响。

AIM： To observe the impact of organism of oyster＇s extracts on immune function of the football player during the heavy stress training of two weeks. METHODS： The experiment was conducted at College of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University from December 2005 to January 2006. A total of 16 healthy male football players of the third team of Dalian Shide were enrolled. ①grouping： The players were divided into two groups at random according to the single or even numbers that the list queue up： 8 subjects as control group, aged （16±3） years, with the height of （176.08±8.89） cm and body mass of （75.36±4.20） kg; 8 subjects as the experimental groups, aged （15±5） years, with the height of （175.60±8.47） cm and body mass of （74.28±4.10） kg. ②administration： The experimental group received the capsule including oyster＇s extract （Korean Duckman Company to produce and offer, product number DP59483） during training, 3 times a day, 15 g per day for 14 days. The control group took the equivalent placebo （filling with the ordinary biscuit bits in the capsule with the same color）. ③training scheme： 5 days as one cycle, the high intensity training was carried on during the first 3 days in a cycle and the left 2 days took the low intensity training. 2-hour technology and tactical training was carried out in every morning, the simulation match and physique training in the afternoon for 2.5 hours. The rhythm of the heart was controlled around 180 times per minute when did the physical training. The rhythm of the heart was controlled around 170 times per minute when technical ability was trained. The training scheme lasted for 2 weeks altogether. ④Elbow vein blood 5 mL was collected under the quiet state separately before and after training, heparin anticoagulatory. Supernatant fluid was fetched after centrifugal effect; the serum was prepared with vacuum blood vessel and stored in refrigerator at -20 ℃. Levels of interleukin （IL）-2, soluble interleukin 2 receptor （S-IL-2R） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF） were measured with the method of double antibody sandwish enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Contents of C3 and C4 were measured with immunoturbidimetery. RESULTS： Totally 16 athletes entered the analysis of the result. ①levels of IL-2 and C3： The data in experimental group after experiment were higher than those before the experiment [（119.47±41.2）, （59.46±23.5） ng/L; （1 264.7±174.0）, （1 132.3±147.8） mg/L, P 〈 0.05 ], and data from experimental group were higher markedly than that in the control group after experiment [（119.47±41.2） , （76.34± 31.3 ） ng/L;（1 264.7±174.0）, （1 045.1±162.0） mg/L, P 〈 0.05 ]. ②concentration of S-IL-2R： The data of S-IL-2R in experimental group after experiment was lower obviously than those before experiment [（401.94±40.3）, （518.14±34.2） ng/L, P 〈 0.05 ] The data in experimental group was lower than the control group after experiment [（401.94±40.3）, （523.1±37.2） ng/L, P 〈 0.05 ]. CONCLUSION： The oyster＇s extracts can keep athlete＇s immune system function in a good condition, exert a good influence on the athlete＇s immune function during the period of high intensity training.