玉米须总皂苷对病因性糖尿病模型小鼠的降糖效应

Effect of saponin extracted from Zea mays L on decreasing the blood glucose level of mice models of aetiological diabetes

目的:观察玉米须总皂苷对链脲佐菌素加灌服蔗糖所致糖尿病模型小鼠的影响,分析玉米须总皂苷的降糖特点。方法:实验于2002-02/06在河南中医学院动物实验中心完成。①选用昆明种清洁级小鼠60只,随机数字表法分为6组:空白对照组、模型对照组、二甲双胍组、玉米须总皂苷400,200,100mg/kg组,10只/组。玉米须总皂苷由河南中医学院化学实验室提供。②除空白对照组外,其余5组均采用小剂量链脲佐菌素(15g/L)+蔗糖建立病因性糖尿病模型。造模后玉米须总皂苷400,200,100mg/kg组分别灌服400,200,100mg/kg剂量的玉米须总皂苷(浓度分别为20,10,5g/L,灌胃体积0.2mL/10g);二甲双胍组灌服0.5g/kg二甲双胍(浓度为25g/L,灌胃体积0.2mL/10g);模型对照组灌服同体积生理盐水。1次/d,共30d。③于给药第10,20天尾部取血测血糖值;第30天尾部采血测空腹血糖;然后灌服0.4mL/10g的葡萄糖5g/kg,并分别于灌糖后30,60,120min尾部采血进行血糖水平测定。处死后取胰腺、肾脏,作组织病理检查。结果:60只小鼠均进入结果分析。①与空白对照组比较,模型对照组给药后第10,20,30天各阶段血糖值均显著升高,说明小剂量静脉注射链脲佐菌素加蔗糖可成功建立糖尿病模型。②与模型对照组比较,玉米须总皂苷400,200,100mg/kg组给药后第30天血糖值均显著降低[(9.607±1.607),(7.535±1.517),(7.480±1.069),(7.667±1.336)mmol/L;P<0.01];玉米须总皂苷400,200mg/kg组糖耐量降低得到明显改善(P<0.05),保护链脲佐菌素所致的肾脏的病变和胰岛损伤。结论:静注小剂量的链脲佐菌素加灌服蔗糖可成功建立小鼠病因性糖尿病模型,玉米须总皂苷对该病因性糖尿病模型有较好治疗作用。

AIM： To observe the effect of saponin extracted from Zea mays L （ZMLS） on the aetiological diabetic model mice induced by injection of streptozotocin and irrigation of sucrose water, and explore the role of ZMLS in decreasing the level of blood glucose. METHODS： The experiment was conducted at animal experiment center of the Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to June 2002. ①Totally 60 clean grade Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups： blank control group, model group, metformin group, large, middle, small-dose of ZMLS groups with 10 animals in every group. The ZMLS was provided by the Chemical Laboratory of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. ②Except the blank control group, the other five groups were injected with the small close Streptozotocin and irrigated with sucrose water to establish the diabetic model, after which the mice of the large, middle, small-dose of ZMLS groups were given 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg ZMLS （concentration of 20, 10, 5 g/L, the feeding volume was 0.2 mL/10 g）, respectively; the metformin group was infused with 0.5 g/kg metformin （the concentration was 25 g/L, the feeding volume was 0.2 mL/10 g）; and the matching saline was infused to the model group. Drugs were given once daily successively for 30 days. ③The blood from tail was taken to determine the level of blood sugar at the 10^th, 20^th; At the 30^th day, the fasting blood sugar was determined; then the animals were given the solution of 0.4 mL/10 g glucose at dose of 5 g/kg to determine the level of blood sugar after 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. After killing the mice, the pancreas and kidney were removed for histopathological detection. RESULTS： All the 60 mice entered the result analysis. ①Compared with the blank control group, the level of blood glucose of the model group raised remarkably, indicating that the models were established very successful by small dose injection of Streptozotocin and infused with sucrose water. ② Compared with the model group, the large, middle and small-dose of ZMLS groups markedly lower the level of blood glucose at day 30 [（9.607±1.607）, （7.535±1.517）, （7.480±1.069）, （7.667±1.336） mmol/L, P 〈 0.01]; the endurance to sugar of the large and middle dose groups was obviously improved （P 〈 0.05）, indicating ZMLS could prevent the renal pathological changes and pancreatic island from injury induced by Streptozotocin. CONCLUSION： Aetiological diabetic model mice can be established successfully by injection of small dose streptozotocin and infusing sucrose water. ZMLS has good effect on treating this kind of model mice.