异养硝化机理的研究进展

Study progress on the mechanism of heterotrophic nitrification

硝化作用是自然界氮素循环的一个重要环节。除了传统上的自养硝化细菌以外,至今为止已发现许多异养微生物可以进行硝化作用。异养硝化已成为环境领域的热点问题。简要的介绍了自然界中的异养硝化微生物的分布以及针对其生物多样性而建立的探测和分离方法。着重从异养硝化的关键酶,相关基因,电子传递及代谢途径这几个方面综述了异养硝化机理的研究进展。最后总结了目前在研究异养硝化机理过程中存在的问题,并对其今后进一步的研究方向做出了展望。

Nitrification plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle. Autotrophic bacteria have traditionally been regarded as the nitrifying agents. However, research in last few decades has established that a lot of heterotrophic microorganisms also make contribution to nitrification. Heterotrophic nitrification has become an issue for scientific research and environment management. In this overview, both the location of heterotrophic microorganisms and the methods of detection and isolation which take the polyphyletic nature of heterotrophic bacteria into account are briefly presented. The study on the mechanism which focuses on the enzymes, functional genes, electron transfer and metabolism pathway of heterotrophic nitrification are mainly reviewed. In the end, the problems lying in the research of the mechanism of the heterotrophic nitrification are proposed and future research directions are suggested.