战后法国思想冲突与解构主义兴起的知识谱系

The Knowledge Pedigree of the Postwar Ideological Conflicts in France and the Rise of Deconstructivism

解构主义在中国的研究已经有多年的历史,无疑越来越深化。但人们对解构主义存在的历史正当性一直心存疑虑,也习惯于把解构主义看成是一种颠覆性的思想,而没有看到或不愿意把它理解为是一种后现代时代开启的思想基础。因此,有必要理解解构主义兴起的思想背景,更具体地去审视已经被人们淡忘和掩盖的那些历史前提。因此,文章对法国战后思想界的冲突,从萨特的时代向结构主义的转向作出一种分析,并揭示德里达对结构主义批判的历史依据。也由此来看德里达最初对结构主义的批判也是处于结构主义的体系内,因而他对结构主义的认识才如此深刻独到。结构主义是理性主义思想最完整和最完善的方案,它表明人类在完整性这一点上已经耗尽了想象力,解构主义及其后现代主义的出现则是不可避免的选择。但并不能因此就忽略解构主义所具有的建设性潜质,看看德里达最初对结构主义的解构,就可以看到德里达如何怀着重新开启的激情去寻求新的思想领域。

Deconstructivism studies in China will undoubtedly deepen increasingly in that it has been underway for many years. However, scholars have long harbored doubts about the historical appropriateness of the existence of deconstructivism and have always considered it a subversive thought rather than an enlightening ideological basis for the postmodernist age. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend the ideological background for the rise of deconstructivism and to scrutinize those faded and concealed historical premises. As thus, this paper attempts to analyze both the postwar conflicts in the ideological circles of France and the change to constructivism since the day of Sarte and to reveal the historical foundations for Derida＇s criticism of constructivism. Derida＇s initial criticism of constructivism, as is discerned in this aspect, was within the system of constructivism, which equipped him with such a profound and unique comprehension of constructivism. Constructivism, the most thorough and most perfect scheme for the ideal of rationality, indicates that human imagination has been exhausted in terms of integrity, thus the emergence of deconstructivism and postmodernism is an inevitable choice. Nevertheless, it does not follow that the constructive potentialities of deconstructivsm is to be neglected in that a vision can be gained of how Derida passionately pursued fresh ideological realms by surveying Derida＇s initial deconstruction of constructivism.