“当代文学”的构造及其合法性依据

"Contemporary Literature":Its Structure and Basis of Legality

20世纪40年代后期,以《讲话》为依据的“当代文学”确立其全国性支配地位的过程,不仅是国/共军事、政治力量对比的结果,同样重要的是其建构的合法性表述。除却冷战格局造就的阶级话语的重要性外,民族主义话语也在“当代文学”的生成过程中扮演了重要角色。《讲话》建构了一种以“政治社会”为主体、将90%的“人民大众”整合于现代国家中的政治构想和文化动员机制,从而区别于“五四”新文化运动以“市民(国民)社会”为主体的民族—国家构想。“当代文学”在创建这种“政治社会”共同体的过程中起到了关键作用,并使自己超越了作为“国民文学”的“五四”新文艺传统。论文首先通过对三个历史文本的分析描述了“当代文学”生成的轨迹,进而通过对政治社会/市民社会对于现代国家主体的不同构想,讨论有关知识分子(作家)的功能,及文学赖以传输的文化生产机制之间的差别,从而具体剖析“当代文学”在何种意义上超越了“现代文学”。

In the late 1940s, the process of ＂contemporary literature＂, based on The Symposium on Literature and Art in Yan＇an, establishing its dominant position nationwide is not only the result of the contrast between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang Party in terms of military and political forces but also importantly an indication of the legality of its establishment. It is opined in this paper that apart from the importance of class discourse as a result of the cold war, the nationalist discourse has also played a vital part in the process of formation for ＂contemporary literature＂. In the Symposium, a political concept and cultural mobilization mechanism was set up with a predominant ＂political society＂ and 90 percent of the ＂masses＂ under the direct administration of the modern nation, quite distinct from the nation-state concept with the ＂townspeople （national） society＂ as the main part taken shape during the May Fourth Movement. ＂Contemporary literature＂, having played a key part in the process of establishing the ＂political society＂ community, has transcended the tradition of ＂national literature＂ represented by. new literature and art of the May Fourth Movement. By analyzing three historical texts, this paper traces the formation of ＂contemporary literature＂ and expounds on the functions of intellectuals （writers） and the differences between diverse culture production mechanisms on which literature relies for its transmission by means of probing into various concepts of political society and townspeople society for the main part of modern nations, thus dissecting in detail how ＂contemporary literature＂ has transcended ＂modern literature＂.