延安文人:建构现代民族国家的本土话语体系——关于延安文学研究的再思考

Reconsiderations on Yan'an Literature Studies

学术界长期以来就存在着拿“五四”的审美标准和价值判断来衡量延安文学,这就不可避免地出现一些粗暴简单的推论和误判。延安文人在帮助中共政权普及新的政治、文化纲领,同时也依靠这一逐渐体制化的权力机构,建立起新的话语领域和范式,规定制约新的文化生产。如果说,西方现代性话语在中国“五四”理论旅行的结果,是使中国现代知识者建构一套旨在改造国民的灵魂,扫除封建积弊的启蒙主义西方话语系统,那么经过整风后的延安文人遵循着毛泽东指示,走一条与工农兵相结合的道路,承担着建构现代民族国家的本土话语体系。

In the academic circles, Yan＇an literature has long been evaluated in line with the aesthetic criteria and values of the ＂May Fourth Movement＂, which has inevitably led to some rude and simplistic inferences and misjudgments. In the process of assisting the authority of the Communist Party in popularizing new political and cultural programs, scholars in Yan＇an have established new discourse domains and modes to regulate and control the new culture production by means of the gradually institutionalized organ of authority. If the introduction of the western modernity discourse into China during the May Fourth Movement has resulted in the establishment of a set of western enlightenment discourse system aimed at remoulding the soul of the Chinese people and removing the age-old malpractice of feudalism on the part of modern Chinese intellectuals, the scholars in Yan＇an after the Rectification Movement have shouldered the task of establishing the native discourse system for modern nationality and state by following the instruction of Mao Zedong and taking a road of integration with peasants, workers and soldiers.