文化史就是翻译史——陈寅恪的历史发现与其翻译观初探

The History of Human Culture is History of Translation

本文试图对历史学家陈寅恪（1890-1969）在翻译研究领域的贡献进行历史综述。陈寅恪虽被视为一位历史学家，但翻译问题一直是他所关注的。他认为，高水准的译者具有跟伟大的学者一样的能力，因为二者都能够对传统重新加以创造和改造，不断激活文化并使之持续发展，进而一代代传下去。而他们也都将翻译视为一种促动性的力量，一种强有力的资源。如果没有翻译，文化本身就不可能存在下去。因此，人类的文化历史首先就是翻译史。本文同时也讨论了他对法成（？-？865）这位里程碑式藏族翻译家及《几何原本》的再发现。

This article is intended to present a historical survey of Chen Yin-ke（陈寅恪, 1890 - 1969）＇s achievements in translation studies. Chen is seen as a historian, yet problems in translation remained his concern throughout his career. In his view, highly qualified translators have the same ability as great scholars, for both of the two can re-create and transform cultural traditions, thus continuing and reviving human culture and passing it on to later generations, with translation always being a driving power and a powerful resource. Without translation, human culture does not exist in the first place. Therefore the history of human culture is first of all the history of translation, which always re-writes the former as a multi-cultural and post-national continuity by means of a single national language. This paper also discusses his reconfirmation of Chos-grub（法成, ？ - ？ 865） as a monumental Tibetan translator, his rediscovery of an anonymous Manchu version of the Elements of Geometry.