闽南牛遗传多样性及其系统地位的研究

The Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny Status of Minnan Cattle

以中心产区简单随机抽样法在福建省漳州市漳浦县霞关乡抽取闽南牛64头,采集血样,按常规方法分离血浆和血细胞,冷冻后带回实验室-20℃保存备用。用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测21个编码血液蛋白(酶)的结构基因座的基因频率,同时引用国内外13个群体7个相同座位的研究资料,进行聚类分析,结果表明:在所检测的21个基因座中,有10个存在多型,多态位点百分比为47．62％,群体内遗传变异水平相对较高,平均杂合度为0．1593;闽南牛与东南亚牛种亲缘关系较近,证实了闽南牛是由南方黄牛和瘤牛的混血种,但可能不含有斑腾牛或巴厘牛的血统。目前应扩大保种群的数量,以维持群体内遗传传多样性。

Sixty-four Minnan cattle from Xiaguan county of Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, were selected by simple random sampling method in central production area. 21 blood proteins and enzymes loci were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE） and starch gel electrophoresis（SGE）. Meantime, the data of 7 loci of 13 cattle populations in China and other countries were collected to analyze the phylogeny relationships. The results showed that. 10 out of 21 loci were polymorphic （47.62 %） ; the level of genetic variation in Minnan cattle population was relatively high, the mean hoterozygosity was 0. 1593; the Minnan cattle have a close phylogeny relationships with the cattle populations of east and south of Asia which confirmed that Minnan cattle were the crossing breed between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus in China, but there was not a possible blood lineage between Banteng cattle and Minnan cattle. At present, the breeding population of Minnan cattle should be enlarged to maintain the genetic diversity of population.