深圳市急诊儿童伤害流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of children injury at emergency department of Shenzhen City

目的探讨儿童伤害流行特征,为开展伤害预防干预提供依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,以2004～2005年深圳市医院急诊伤害监测点0～14岁儿童患者为研究对象,分析急诊儿童伤害类型、原因及年龄、性别特征。结果8130例急门诊伤害儿童患者中,损伤类型前四位是浅表损伤、开放性伤、脱位扭伤/劳损和骨折。损伤外部原因前四位依次是跌落、刺伤、钝器伤和交通事故。伤害发生的主要场所为家中(47.9%)、公路/街道(24.8%)和学校(20.9%);伤害儿童性别比为2.08,平均年龄为6.22±3.88,随着年龄的增加,男童患者的人数逐渐增加,女童人数逐渐减少。结论伤害逐渐成为儿童的主要健康问题,应针对0-14岁儿童伤害发生的原因采取有效措施,及早开展预防伤害的健康教育,提高儿童、家长、教师和社会对儿童伤害的预防意识,减少儿童伤害的发生。

Objective To survey the epidemiologic characteristics of injuries to children aged 0 - 14 years and provide suggestion for prevention and control of injuries to children. Methods The 8 130 injured chidren aged 0 - 14 years in the Emergency Department of Shenzhen Hospital in 2004 - 2005 were surveyed with descriptive analysis. The characteristics of age, gender, injury types and causes of the injured children aged 0 - 14 years were anlayzed. Results The four injury types were in the order of superficial injury, open injury, sprain injury and fracture ; the cause of injuries were fall, puncture wound, blunt injury and traffic acci- dents. The common places of injury occurred were home （47.9 % ）, road/street （24.8 % ） and school （ 20.9 % ）. The ratios of males to females was 1：2.08. The average age was 6.22 ± 3.88 and the number of injuried in the males was increased along with the increase of age, but not in the females. Conclusion Injury is now increasingly becoming a main health problem in the children and effectve measures be taken targeting at the causes of injury to children age 0 - 14, including health education, so that to enhance the awareness of chidlren, heads of households, teachers and the whole society for prevention and and reduce the injuries to children.