明代俗曲的“色情”特征与晚明“奢靡”之风及其负面影响

On pornographic characteristics of folk songs in the Ming Dynasty and extravagant custom in late Ming Dynasty and their negative influences

明代民歌是指明中叶以降广泛流行于市井巷陌、直接反映民众生活而又颇具活力的民间小曲。它们以其与历代民歌一脉相承的基本风貌、空前绝后的“色情”特色,深刻反映着那个时代的奢靡风尚及其深远影响:“明之亡,不亡于崇祯而亡于万历。”即明朝并非亡于财货之少,而是人心风俗的败坏。晚明文人对之格外青睞,其实表现了一种价值取向的悖论:一方面是对束缚人性的苛酷道德价值观的反动,另一方面也是失去人生责任感和道德尊严后的人性扭曲与纵欲主义的文化体现,在矫正对人性压抑的同时走向过度放纵,这显然是对人性的另一种扭曲,而非真正的解放。

Folk songs in the Ming Dynasty are folk songs which were popular among civilians and which directly vivaciously reflected the lives of the populace. With unique pornographic characteristics, they deeply reflected the extravagant custom at that time and its influence, which was like other folk songs in the history. They revealed that ＂The downfall of Ming Dynasty did not result from Chongzhen but from Wanh＂. The reason for the downfall of Ming Dynasty is not short of assets and commodity but is corrupt morals. At late Ming Dynasty, scholars enjoyed extravagance and pornography, which reveals a contradiction of human value, that is, on the one hand, scholars opposed inhumane moral concept which restricted humanity; on the other hand, it culturally embodied humanity distortion and carrtalism after human responsibility and moral lost. In the process of correcting humanity suppression, hedonism and carnalism appeared, which was obviously another distortion of humanity and was not real liberation.