“杨各庄”等地名的地理分布及其音变的历史意义

Geographical Distribution and the Meaning of Phonetic Changes of“Yanggezhang” etc.

华北地区及华东地区地名中多见“X各庄”和“X家庄”。该地区中,从西北部到东南部,“X各庄”的比例逐渐增多,而“X家庄”的比例逐渐减少,形成了一个语音渐变的地理连续体。这种特殊现象的形成是由于该地区西北部较频繁地受到北方阿尔泰语系诸语言的影响,而相对来说,东南部则较少受到这种影响。地名中的“各”仍然保留了中古汉语“家”的舌根音塞音声母[k-]。这种明显的地域互补分布表明了北方汉语方言前高元音前面的舌根声母转变为舌面音的力量来自于外部的人文影响,而非内部语言音变。

The placenames “X Jia Zhuang” （X家庄）and “X Ge Zhuang” （X 各庄 ）are frequently found in North China and some parts of East China. The occurrence percentage of “X Ge Zhuang” increases from the northwest to the southeast of this area, forming a geographical continuum of sound change. The phenomenon can he attributed to the weaker influence of the Altaic languages from the north, which made it possible for the placename of “家” （i. e. the present “各”） to keep its ancient Chinese velar plosive [ k - ] and therefore run counter to the modern pronunciation of “家”. This resulted in the shift of the Chinese character “家” to“各”. The salient district complementary distribution indicates that the force of the sound change from velar plosive initial before a high front vowel in the northern dialects to a alveolar affricate comes from outside influence rather than internal change.