治疗性抗体的研究进展

Progress on the Study of Therapeutic Antibody

作为一种具有靶向性的生物大分子,单克隆抗体始终是人们关注的热点之一,被广泛用于治疗肿瘤、病毒感染和抗移植排斥等。但鼠源单克隆抗体的临床应用受限于诱导产生人抗鼠抗体、肿瘤渗入量低、亲和力低和半衰期短等。随着分子生物学技术的发展及其向各学科的渗透,通过基因操作技术对抗体进行改造,可使其适用于多种疾病的治疗。抗体人源化已经成为治疗性抗体的发展趋势,同时各种抗体衍生物也不断涌现,它们从不同角度克服了抗体本身的应用局限,也为治疗人类疾病提供了利器。本文简要介绍上述技术的基本原理、特点和治疗性抗体的研究进展。

Monoclonal antibody（mAb） is the macromolecular that have the target, always is the hot topic of the foundation medical science worker on the clinic. It was used for the tumor treatment, virus infection, anti-transplantation rejects etc. The clinical application of mAb is subjected to the certain restrict. Main obstacles include inducing the anti-rat antibody, the lower tumor infiltration quantity, the lower affinity and short half-life etc. However, in recent years technical development of molecular biology, people can modify antibody with the gene operation technique to making it be applicable to the paroxysm treatment. Humanization of murine antibodies has been the future direction therapeutic antibodies and this can be reflected from the fact that humanized antibodies or even human antibodies have made up majority of the therapeutic antibodies both in clinical test and in the market. This text carries on the introduction for the research progress of these technical and basic principle, characteristics and the treatment antibodies.