运动员在动态变化信息中的预判加工方式与策略

Athlete's pre-judge processing mode and strategy in dynamic change information

在开放性运动技能项目的比赛中,运动员时刻要对比赛过程中的技战术变化信息进行认知加工。运动员如何从大量的动态变化的比赛信息中,迅速地识别出能预示技战术演变趋势的先兆信息,并依此快速、准确地预判比赛进程,对掌握比赛的主动权、控制比赛进程有着重要意义。运动员对比赛中动态变化信息的识别和处理,均是对不完全信息的认知加工,这种认知加工方式可以省略不必要的加工环节,节省加工时间,提高预判速度。预判的准确性由加工者掌握的先兆信息与技战术演变结果之间的相关性决定,其认知加工策略遵守概率原则,即先兆信息与运动员脑中的技战模板匹配量越大,则预示某种技战术演变趋势出现的概率也越大,运动员依此做出的预判也越准确。

In the competition of open sports skill events, athletes always have a cognition and process for the changing information of technique and tactics during the competition. It is of great importance how to identify the prognostic information which has an evolvement tendency of skill and tactics from lots of dynamic and changing competitive information, to pre - judge the course of competition rapidly and precisely on the basis of the prognostic information, to hold the initiative of the competition and control its course. Athlete＇s recognizing and processing dynamic change information in the match, is all to process the cognition of incomplete information. This kind of cognition can omit the unnecessary processing link, save the processing time and improve the pre - judge speed. The accuracy of the pre - judge is dependent on the correlation of the prognostic information that processor grasped and the result of skill and tactic evolvement. The cognition processing tactics observed the principle of probability, that is the larger the quantity of the prognostic information and the skill and tactic mode matching in athlete＇ s minds, the greater the probability of the evolvement tendency of a certain skill and tactics and the more accurate of athlete＇ s pre- judge based on it.