一些训练手段和技术对国家游泳队运动员肩痛影响的调查与分析

Influence of Some Training Methods and Techniques on Swimmers'Shoulder Pain

采用问卷调查法和访问调查法调查访问了81名国家游泳队运动员和15名国家游泳队教练。结果发现：国家游泳队运动员肩痛患病率为39．5%,男女之间无显著性差异。肩痛患病率最高的是蝶泳运动员(63．6%),其次是自由泳和仰泳运动员,蛙泳运动员肩痛患病率最低(31．3%)：水上训练手段中,短距离高强度戴划手掌训练、长距离中低强度戴划手掌训练和水上铁片牵引训练对肩痛的影响程度列前3位(明显影响率分别为46．7%、25%和18．2%)；陆上训练手段中,铁片拉力训练、卧推练习和等动拉力训练对肩痛的影响程度列前3位(明显影响率分别为43：8%、36．7%和19．4%)。陆上铁片拉力训练时采用高肘技术、抓水时早发力早加速后划技术和陆上铁片拉力训练时后划到底技术是前3位对国家游泳队运动员肩痛有影响的技术动作(明显影响率分别为60%、40%和33．3%)。

By the methods of questionnaire and interview and taking the 81 swimmers and 15 coaches in China national swimming team as the subjects, the authors discovered that 35.9% of the swimmers were suffering from shoulder pain. There is no significant difference in male and female swimmers. The highest ratio is found in butterfly stroke swimmers（63,6%）, and the next are free style and backstroke swimmers. The lowest ratio is found in breaststroke swimmers（31.3%）. The top three methods that have caused swimmers＇ shoulder pain in pool training are： sprint with paddles, long distance with paddles and pull training with iron pieces. As in land training, the top three are： pull training with iron pieces, barbell pressing and isokinetic training. The top three techniques that have caused shoulder pain to swimmers are： high elbow in using iron pieces for pull training, early exertion and early acceleration in back stroke and far-end back stroke in land pull training with iron pieces.