中国古典思想传统中的政道与治道

The Political Way and the Governed Way in Ancient Chinese Thought Tradition

从中国古代思想传统来看,“政治”可以在两个维度加以理解:政与治。“政也者正也”,政治的“政”的维度归根结底意味着存在者的各正性命,它将每个个人都纳入到了政治的过程;而“治”则是“为政”所承担的事业,它意味着以各正性命为中心的治理活动或治理术。由此而形成了政权在民、治权在君,政道与治道分离的思想格局。然而,二者之间又通过“天”的观念获得了连续性,以至于民、君、天三者之间的相互通达而彼此限制本身形成了一种循环的圆圈性结构。由此而形成了对“政治”的境域性而非“空间”性的理解。这样一种政治观念建立在责任意识而不是主权要求的基础上,它通过礼乐生活世界营建对天下这一境域总体的责任意识。

In China ancient thought, the “politics” （ “zheng” ） and the “governed” （ “zhi” ） are different. The political thinking core enables a thing to become itself, while the government pfinciple＇s main point therefore carries out the inactivity. From this kind of pattern, the political power in the people and the governing power in the ruler are formed. Moreover, both obtain the communication by the Heaven. In the Chinese thought, the people, the ruler and the Heaven three can understand and restrict one another, thus the politics is not spacial but horizontal and it establishes the responsibility rather than the sovereignty foundation.