防止货车空车脱轨的分析与对策

Analysis and Solution to the Derailment of Empty Wagons

车辆脱轨大多数情况是多种因素综合作用的结果。重量的差异是空重车最根本的差异,而它对车辆最直接的影响是造成摇枕下弹簧的静挠度的差异。空重车辆载重的不同导致弹簧挠度的差异,造成了同一车辆在空车和重载时运行性能的不同。从转向架的角度来考虑,评定抗脱轨安全性的指标主要有脱轨系数和轮重减载率两项指标,脱轨系数临界值越高,脱轨的可能性越小;根据GB5599-1985规定,轮重的减载(ΔP)与线路状态如轨距、高低、水平有关,也与车辆的状况有关,减载越大,越容易脱轨。通过分析货车空车车辆在直线线路上的动态性能、线路状态、车辆编组、环境温度等因素对货车空车脱轨的影响,得出合理结论,提出防止货车空车脱轨的措施。

Generally,derailment of vehicle occurs as a result by many factors.Difference in weight between loaded vehicle and emptyone leads to difference in spring deflection.From the view of bogie,the higher the critical value of derailment coefficient is,the less thepossibility of derailment becomes.And according to the provision of national standard GB5599-85,the bigger the load reduction rate is,themore the possibility of derailment is.Through analysis on dynamic performance of loaded and empty wagons as well as other factors liketrack condition,train formation,ambient temperature,etc.,measures could be came up with to prevent derailment of empty wagon.