中国核损害责任制度的建构

How to Establish and Perfect China’s Civil Liability System for Nuclear Damage

随着核能和平利用的发展，核能的安全性日益引起人们的广泛关注，核损害及其赔偿已经成为无法回避的问题。在核损害责任国际公约的框架下，建立健全国内的核损害责任制度，将有利于保护公众（第三方）的利益，促进核工业的健康发展以及核能领域的国际合作。中国大陆至今仍未加入任何核责任国际公约，现行核损害责任制度依然存在重大缺陷，即核基本法或单行法至今阙如，国务院《关于处理第三方核责任问题的批复》无法适应现实需要。应该尽快建立和完善中国大陆的核损害责任制度。

With the development of nuclear usage for peaceful purposes, nuclear safety has become a great concern. Meanwhile, nuclear damage and compensation for nuclear damage have become an unavoidable issue. National legal systems for nuclear liability should be established and perfected under the framework of international conventions for nuclear liability, which will contribute to the sound development of nuclear industry and international cooperation in the field of nuclear energy and protect the public＇s benefits. China mainland has neither signed, ratified or acceded to any convention on civil liability for nuclear damage, nor adopted any law or regulation on atomic energy and on compensation for nuclear damage except the 1986 State Council＇s Reply Concerning the Third Party Liability, which is not a law or regulation on nuclear liability and cant adapt to the realistic demand. The civil liability system for nuclear damage should be established and perfected as soon as possible.