澳大利亚的农业资源与区域布局

AGRICULTURE RESOURCES AND THEIR REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN AUSTRALIA

澳大利亚土地辽阔,全国农牧业用地总面积为4.9亿hm2,占全国总面积的64%。其中90%以上是天然草场,农业资源利用的主要特点是畜牧业利用占明显优势。农作物主要包括小麦、大麦、高粱和燕麦等,属于雨养农业,灌溉设施较少,作物单产的变幅较大。经过多年的农业生产实践,澳大利亚已大致形成三大农业区域。澳大利亚农业实行高度专业化、社会化生产。以专业化的大型农场为主体,从事谷物种植业、养羊业、养羊牛业或兼营以上两种或三种。

Australia is a country with expansive land. The total areas used for agriculture and animal husbandry reach 4,900 million hm^2, taking 64 % of the whole country land areas, among which above 90 % is nature pasture. The major trait for the utilization of agriculture resources is animal husbandry taking dominant advantage. The main crops there are wheat, barley, sorghum and oat. It belongs to rain-fed agriculture. There are few irrigation facilities and the changing breadth of crop yield per unit area is bigger. Through many years＂ practice of agriculture production, three large agriculture regions are formed in Australia. Agriculture in Australia performs production with high specialization and socialization. The specialized farms with large scale are the main production bodies, engaging in grain crop industry, sheep industry, cattle industry or holding two or three industries concurrently.