农业土地规模经营的条件与效果研究:以东北农村为例

A Study of the Conditions of the Scale Operation of Farmland,and of the Effect thereof:Taking the Northeastern Countryside as a Case

本文是以现代企业理论为研究基础,以东北农村为例,对农业土地规模经营问题的一项经验研究。研究适合我国农业生产的前提条件、经营规模、经营效果,探讨适合中国农业现代化发展的道路。根据3组不同情况的样本分析,得出土地规模经营受制于土地流转速度和集中程度、农村劳动力转移速度和转移数量的结论。如果土地流转速度和流转数量加快,土地的集中度就提高,从而土地规模经营将发展和扩大;同样,如果农村劳动力转移速度和数量加快,土地集中度就提高,土地的规模经营就成为可能。文章研究了农业机械化和生化技术使用情况,得出农业机械化是对农村劳动力的替代,替代的界限依赖于农业机械与农业劳动力的相对价格变化或相对成本变化。生化技术是对土地和劳动力的节约或替代,这两种技术代表了现代化农业发展的两条道路,但是这两种技术在农业生产中是相容的结论。本文另一个重要的研究成果是小块土地经营并没有排斥农业机械化,农业机械化只与劳动力的相对价格有关,而与土地经营的规模大小无关,这个结论与中国的现实是相符合的。

In this paper--a case study that we have made,based on modern enterprise theory and taking villages of China's Northeast as cases,we have researched the experiences extracted in the scale operation of farmland,studied the preconditions suitable for China' agricultural production,the operation scale and operation effect,and explored the road to China's agricultural modernization.From the study of three different sample groups,the conclusion has been drawn that the land scale operation is restrained by the speed of land transfer,the degree of land concentration,the shift speed and the number of rural laborers.If the speed and the amount of land transfer are increased,large is the degree of land concentration,making land scale operation develop and broaden;likewise,if the rural force transfer speed and number are increased,also large is the degree of land concentration,making scale operation of land possible.By the study of the state of agricultural mechanization and the state of the use of biochemical technique,we have framed our conclusion that agricultural mechanization is the substitution for rural laborers,the substitution boundary relying on the change in the relative prices or the relative costs of agricultural mechanization and the rural labor force;that the biochemical technique is a means of save of or substitution for land and labor forces;and that agricultural mechanization and biochemical technique represent the two roads to agricultural modernization,but the former and the latter are compatible in agricultural production.Another important result of our study is that the operation of small pieces of land is not at all irreconcilable with agricultural mechanization,the latter is only related to the relative price of labor forces and has nothing to do with the scale of land operation.That finding,we think,fits China of today.