复杂性骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗初步随访分析

AN ANALYSIS ON FOLLOW-UP OF THE TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE

目的提出复杂性骨巨细胞瘤的定义并回顾分析其治疗方法和结果，为减少其术后复发提供临床依据。方法2001年4月～2005年4月共治疗22例复杂性骨巨细胞瘤患者。男11例，女11例。年龄15～60岁。肿瘤位于股骨下段10例，胫骨上段5例，股骨近端2例，肱骨近端2例，髋骨2例和桡骨远端l例。所有患者按Campanicci’s分级，Ⅱ级4例，余均为Ⅲ级。行肿瘤边缘性切除或扩大性切除加大段同种异体骨与关节移植14例，肿瘤型人工关节置换8例。结果将骨巨细胞瘤已穿破骨皮质和／或侵犯至关节软骨下，已发生病理性骨折，瘤组织活检显示肿瘤细胞具有较强的侵袭性和肿瘤已有一次或多次复发定义为复杂性骨巨细胞瘤。所有患者获随访6～48个月，平均23个月。2例患者分别于术后8个月和11个月复发，分别经截肢和放射治疗后好转，复发率为9％。人工关节置换的关节功能优于同种异体骨移植；不带关节的同种异体骨移植的关节功能优于带关节的同种异体骨移植。所有移植的同种异体骨均获得不同程度的骨愈合。结论对定义为复杂性骨巨细胞瘤患者采用上述方法进行治疗，可获得较低的肿瘤复发率和一定范围的关节功能，是临床上治疗复杂性骨巨细胞瘤可采用的一种方法。

Objective To discuss the definition of complicated giant cell tumor of the bone and retrospectively analyze the treatment protocols and their therapeutic results so as to provide a clinical basis for reducing the postoperative recurrence of this kind of tumor. Methods From April 2001 to April 2005, 22 patients （11 males and 11 females, aged 15 66 years） with complicated giant cell tumor of the bone were treated by the marginal or wide excision. The tumor was located in the distal femur in 10 patients, the proximal tibia in 5, the proximal femur in 2, the proximal humerus in 2, the hip bone in 2, and the distal radius in 1. The Campanicci＇s grading system was used and the patients were grouped as follows： Grade Ⅱ in 4 patients, and Grade Ⅲ in 18. The functional results of the patients were assessed by the clinical examination. The reconstruction methods were used in the forms of osteoarticular allografting （14 patients） and total arthroplasty （8 patients）. Results The analysis on the follow-up （6-48 months, averaged 23 months） of the 22 patients revealed that the complicated factors were as follows： the tumor breaking through the cortex with an extraosseous mass; the tumor having pathologic fracture; the tumor representing more biologically-aggressive lesions; and the tumor having one or more local recurrences. Two patients （9%） had a local recurrence respectively 8 and 11 months after operation, but improved respectively by limb amputation and radiotherapy. Total arthroplasty achieved a better articular function than osteoarticular allografting. All the patients with osteoarticular allografts showed various degrees of the bone union of the allograft with the host bone. Conclusion The marginal or wide excision of this kind of complicated giant cell tumor of the bone combined with osteoarticular allograft or total arthroplasty can reduce the local recurrence of the tumor and achieve a certain degree of the articular motion function.