面神经主要分支的体表投影及其临床意义

The surface projection of facial nerve and its clinical significance

目的:根据面神经主要分支的体表投影,分析面部面神经的易受损区。方法:解剖9例双侧福尔马林固定成人尸头,观测面神经由茎乳孔至入肌处的体表投影。结果:面神经的体表投影可以限定在通过皮肤的六条线之间:A线起始于耳屏上部,终于骨性外眦上40mm处。B线起始于耳屏下部,终于骨性外眦上9mm处。C线起始于耳屏下部,终于鼻中部。D线起始于耳屏下10mm处,终于口角下10mm。E线起始于耳屏下10mm处,经下颌缘,至下颌缘与口角的垂线相交处。F线起始于耳屏下10mm处,终于锁骨中点。结论:面神经较易受损的区域为颞额区、下颌角区和腮腺前区。

Objective： To analyze the susceptible areas in the face regarding with the probability of facial nerve injury, based on the surface projection of facial nerve. Methods： Eighteen cadaveric hemifaces were dissected and the surface projection of facial nerve from the stylomastoids foramen to the mimic muscles were observed. Results： The surface projection of facial nerve could be delimited within the overlying skin according to six diverging lines： the upper and lower portions of tragus, 40 mm above the bony lateral canthus for A line and 9 mm above the bony lateral canthus for B. The nasal midpoint for C, and an imaginary point 10 mm caudal to the oral commissure for D, an imaginary point also caudal to the oral commissure at the lower margin of the mandible for E, and the clavicle midpoint for F. Conclusions： The areas with greater risk of injury are the temporofrontal region, the area near the angle of the mandible, and the preparotid region.