边远地区乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率干预效果分析

Analysis on intervention effect of the first dose coverage rate timely for Hepatitis B vaccine in rural areas in Gansu province

目的探索甘肃省农村边远地区提高乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率的主要影响因素及有效的对策。方法选择乙肝疫苗接种率较低的定西市渭源县、岷县及庆阳市宁县、合水县的8个乡镇32个行政村，抽取其中2003年1月1日-2005年2月28日期间出生的儿童1107名，进行乙肝疫苗接种率、未接种或未及时接种的原因等问卷调查，从中选取821名儿童家长、卫生院妇产科医生和乡村医生261名，开展乙肝疫苗接种知识宣传教育和专业培训等干预措施。分析影响乙肝疫苗接种率和首针及时接种率影响因素，评价干预措施效果。结果采取干预措施后，乙肝疫苗首针接种率和首针及时接种率由干预措施前的93．93％，44．75％提高到94．02％，77．17％。乡和村2级医务人员的乙肝防治知识知晓率由43．85％提高到87．79％；儿童家长知晓率由52．84％提高到91．35％，差异均有统计学意义。结论采取社会宣传动员和基层医务人员乙肝知识培训是提高边远地区乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率的有效干预措施。

Objective To know the prevention situation of Hepatitis B in Gansu province, and to analyze the first dote coverage rate timely for HBV in rural areas and the main factors, and explore the effective measures to improve the coverage rate timely. Methods The study sampled Weiyuan county, Minxian county in Dingxi prefecture, and Ningxian county, Heshui county in Qingyang prefecture, whose coverage rates were low. In 8 towns and 32 villages, 1 107 children born between Jan. 1, 2003 and Feb. 28, 2005 were detected, to know the reasons for why not to inoculate or not timely by taking intederential measures, such as propagandizing to parents and training the township and village doctors. Results After taking interferential measures, the first dose coverage rate and timely rate increased from 93.93 %, 44.75 % to 94.02 %, 77.17 % respectively. The Hepatitis B preventive knowledge known rate of township doctors increased from 43.85 % to 87.79 %. and the parents known rate increased from 52.84 % to 91.35 %. The difference was showed distinct statistic significance. Conclusion To propagandize parents and train township doctors are the effective preventive measure to improve the first dose coverage rate timely for HBV in rural areas.