中共晋西北抗日根据地劳动互助政策及其实践评析

The Reassertion of Mutual Work Policy of the Communist Party of China Base Area in Northwestern Shanxi

抗战爆发之后,由于大批劳动力或参军或死亡或遭日军杀害以及敌人对牲畜的大规模掠杀,晋西北广大农村出现劳动力和役畜严重不足,而组织劳动互助以调剂劳力和畜力并最大限度地利用现有资源则成为中共政权适应战时需要和渡过难关的明智之举。这一政策及其实践虽然在战时收到了明显效果,但亦出现了各种各样的形式主义,而且劳动互助并没有改变小农经济的生产特性,农民依旧使用原有农具进行生产,所谓互助合作只是在分散的土地上的简单合作,即依靠简单的生产组合使人力畜力在充分利用的基础上提高劳动效率。

During the Anti-Japanese War, a great deal of labour force enrolls in army, is of death,or killed by Japanese and livestock are depredated by enemies in a big way. All of these make the labour force and livestock of northwestern Shanxi deficient. In order to meet the need of war and overwhelm the difficult, the Chinese Communist Party regine organizes mutual work to adjust labour force and animal power and maximize present resources. All that it does is wise. The plicy and its practice make good efforts during the wars, but bring some defects of formalist and compulsion , also mutual work can＇t change the production character of the peasant economy. Peasantry still use their old tools to work. The so-called mutual work only means simple cooperation on the separating lands, that is to say, simple factor mix realize the full use of man power and animals power and further improve the work efficiency.