纳米尺度物质对生态环境的影响及其生物安全性的研究进展与展望

Researching Advancements and Perspectives of the Influences of Nanoscale Substances on Ecological Environment and Biological Safety

纳米科技与产业化已列入国家科技中长期发展规划,将为我国经济和社会的可持续发展做出重大贡献。在发展纳米科技的同时,要密切关注其对生态环境和人群健康的潜在危害,探讨纳米技术正反两个方面的效应,真正地推动纳米科技的进步,促进纳米技术产业化健康、有序发展.为此,以自然环境存在的和人工合成的纳米尺度物质为综述对象,探讨了其对生态环境和人群健康的潜在影响,综述了纳米尺度物质生物安全性、危险度评估技术、对健康影响的作用机制以及潜在危害的防控措施等方面的研究进展,在此基础上,对纳米技术对生态环境影响研究和生物安全性研究的发展方向进行了展望.

Nanotechnology and its industrial development have been placed into the national middle and long-term programme. Nanotechnology will play an important role in the sustainable development of national economy and society. When developing nanoscience and nanotechnology, we must pay more attention on their potentially toxic effects on eco-environment and human health, investigate their ＂good＂ or ＂bad＂ effects, therefore propel the industrial development of nanotechnology healthily and orderingly. In this paper, the nanoscale substances originated from nature environment and the man-made nanomaterials were chosen as the typical objects, their potential impact of eco-environment and human health, biological safety, further toxicological studies and assessment of risk associated with manufacturing and use, were reviewed and discussed. The future researching direction of nanotoxicology was also prospected.