酶制剂厂作业环境中粉尘对工人健康的影响

Effects of dusts on workers' health in enzyme production plants

目的评价酶制剂厂作业环境中含酶粉尘和小麦粉尘对工人健康的影响。方法对3家酶制剂厂车间空气中含酶粉尘、酶及小麦粉尘浓度和工人健康状况进行调查。用大容量采样器和个体采样器采集样品,滤膜增重法测定含酶粉尘和小麦粉尘浓度,酶活力法测定酶浓度；用问卷调查、肺功能测定、皮呋点刺试验评价工人健康效应。结果含酶总尘、工业酶和小麦粉尘几何平均浓度分别为8．91、1．68、6．93mg/m^3。高于20mg/m^3的含酶粉尘可引起眼部症状,小麦粉尘为6．93mg/m^3时可引起鼻部和皮肤症状,其中酶和小麦中的植物白蛋白可引起工人致敏效应。结论一定浓度的含酶粉尘和小麦粉尘可对工人健康产生不良影响,有必要制定含酶总尘和小麦粉尘的职业接触限值。

Objective To assess the health effects of dusts in enzyme production plants. Methods The concentration of enzyme-containing dusts, the enzyme and the wheat-containing dusts and their health effects on workers were investigated in three enzyme production plants, Air samples were collected by high volume sampler and personal sampler. Total dust was weighed and its content of enzyme was analyzed by enzyme activity method. Health effects were assessed by the questionnaire,the pulmonary function and the skin prick test, Results It was found that the geometric mean of enzyme-containing dust was 8.91 mg/m^3, the industrial enzyme was 1.68 mg/m^3, and the wheat-containing dust was 6.93 mg/m^3. The enzyme-containing dust higher than 20 mg/m^3 caused eye symptoms.The wheat-containing dust at 6.93 mg/m^3 might result in skin and nose symptoms. The sensitization could be observed in enzyme and wheat exposed workers. Conclusion Adverse effects may arise for the health of the workers if the concentration of enzyme-containing dusts and the wheat-containing dusts is up to a certain limit and it is necessary to make the limit of these indexes.