现代西方哲学研究的回顾与展望——从复旦大学西方哲学学科的建设说开去

Review and Prospect of the Study of Modern Western Philosophy

1956年是中国思想文化领域在经历长期曲折的过程后出现历史性转折的一年。正是适应这一转折,复旦大学和其他重点大学在这时新建或重建了哲学系及所属西方哲学(包括现代西方哲学)学科。1957年的反右运动使中国思想文化领域风云突变,“文革”时期现代西方哲学研究再次中断。改革开放以来,西方哲学学科研究大致经历了从无到有的重建、抛弃简单化的批判模式而转向客观求实的研究、探索怎样与马克思主义哲学研究相结合三个主要阶段,在研究队伍、研究的广度和深度等方面都获得了重大发展,但尚有不足。对现代西方哲学,需要进一步从个案和整体上加以探究,经过与中国传统哲学、特别是与马克思主义哲学相沟通,达到既吸取其积极成果,又超越其局限性的目的。

The year 1956 witnessed a historical transition in the realm of ideology and culture in China after a long process of twists and turns. Just around the year, Fudan University together with other key universities in China established or re-established their philosophy departments with disciplines on the Western philosophy, including its contemporary part. The anti-rightist movement of 1957 choked the progress and the situation was much worse in the Cultural Revolution, not until the end of which did the study resumed. Since the reform and opening, the study in this discipline has got through three main stages： to start from scratch; to abandon the simplified pattern of critique and turn to objective and practical studies; to integrate the discipline with the study of Marxist philosophy. It has made great progress in the academic faculty and the width and depth of the research, but inadequacies remain. It is necessary to study the contemporary Western philosophy further both in individual case and on the whole. To communicate with Chinese traditional philosophy and Marxist philosophy, this principle is supposed to draw on positive points and transcend the limits.