幽州镇与唐代后期政治探析

A Probe into the Youzhou Prefecture and the Politics in Late Tang Dynasty

幽州镇位于河朔三镇最北端。偏处一隅,孤立的外部环境,特别是内部频仍的动乱,使它同魏博和成德二镇相比,对中央表现出较强的恭顺性,在平叛攘外、稳定唐室方面发挥了重要作用。另一方面,又应看到它所谓的恭顺是阶段性的、相对而言的,不宜绝对化。虽然唐廷河朔政策原则上视三镇为一体,比较注意维持三镇的平衡,但在实际政治生活中表现出比较明显的重魏博、成德而轻幽州的倾向。由于唐廷对幽州镇的限制乃至歧视政策,幽州镇又往往成为三镇叛乱的主要肇始地。它游走于恭顺和叛逆两极之间,构成了唐后期政治上一道独特的景观。

The Youzhou Prefecture was in the far north of the Three Prefectures of Heshuo(河朔三镇). Because of the remote and isolated position, especially the frequent inner rebellions, it was more submissive to the central government than the other two prefectures (Weibo and Chengde). Youzhou played an important role in helping the central government to put down rebellions and resist the outside enemies. But the so-called submissiveness was not absolute, but relative. Though the Three Prefectures were always viewed as a whole and efforts were made to balance them, the central government attached more importance to Weibo and Chengde than to Youzhou in fact. It was the policy of restriction and discrimination of central government that made Youzhou become a main resource of rebellions in the Heshuo area. So Youzhou always kept itself between the two extremes of submission and rebellion, which showed a unique picture of politics in late Tang Dynasty.