从剖面的视觉效果谈海上地震资料处理

Discussion about Seismic Data Processing in View of the Visual Effect

视觉效果是地震资料处理质量的重要评判标准之一,本文从信号处理、聚焦质量和信噪比等三个方面对影响地震资料处理视觉效果的几个侧面进行了探讨。好的信号处理体现在剖面的子波周期数少且旁瓣幅度小,同时频率丰富、频率成分之间能量关系协调。好的聚焦质量相当于获得了地层的特写图像,其关键是合适的成像方法和对应的速度分析质量,文中探讨了速度分析的基本原则。提高信噪比的同时,要保证成像的可靠性,其关键是在噪声衰减过程中把握有效信号和噪声的平衡关系,注重去噪的针对性。

The visual effect is one of those criterions which to be used to evaluate the processing quality of seismic data. Thus in this paper three aspects which influence the visual effect of the seismic section are discussed, they are signal processing, focusing quality and signal-to-noise ratio. The finer signal processing will set a wavelet with fewer period number, smaller amplitude of side-lode, more full frequency components, and more harmonious energy relations between different frequency components. The finer focusing quality will get close-upimage of stratum, and the appropriate imaging method and velocity analysis quality are the key, thus in this paper the basic principle to do velocity analysis is discussed. Furthermore, to ensure the reliability of imaging as the same time as improving signal-to-noise ratio, the pertinence must be emphasized and the balance relation between the noise and the signal must be held during the process of noise attenuation.