浙江省0～4岁儿童生存水平的研究

Study on Survival Level of the Children Under 4 Years Old in Zhejiang Province

浙江省１７市、县０～４岁儿童连续２年死亡监测，结果：新生儿、婴儿、０～４岁儿童的平均死亡率分别为１５．４０‰、２１．７１‰、２７．３４‰。死亡儿童的年龄主要集中在新生儿期。儿童的主要死因，新生儿组主要为早产和出生窒息，婴儿组为肺炎，１～４岁组为溺水。１９９２年死于感染性疾病的儿童占死亡儿童总数的３５．８０％，１９９３年占２９．２０％，１９９２年城市儿童死于家中的占总死亡数的３５．７０％，农村占４０．２０％，１９９３年前者占４７．５０％，后者占４９．００％。在农村有超过１／４的儿童死前未得到任何医疗保健服务。提示今后儿童保健工作的重点在农村，重点防治疾病为早产、出生窒息、肺炎和溺水，因此重点保健对象为围产儿和新生儿。

In past two years the death condition of the children under 4 years old has been monitored in 17 towns of Zhejiang province;The results shown that the average mortality of new-born,infants and the children under 4 years old are 15.40‰,21.71‰ and 27.34‰. The death age of children is mainly in the neonatal period.The main cause for death of children, group new-born is premature birth and birth suffocation,group infants is pneumonia, group children of 1～4 years old is drowning. In 1992 the children died of infective disease is 35.8%of death children and in 1993 is 29.2%.In 1992 the children died at home in town is 35.7%of death children and the ones in the county is 40.2%.In 1993 the ones in town is 47.5%and in county is 49.0%,More than 1/4 of death children did not accept any medical health care service before death in the county. The author consider that the focal point of the children health care in future is in county.The deseases needed special prevention and cure are premature birth,birth suffocation,pneumonia and drowning. The targets of special health cure are perinatal infants and new-born.