乔伊斯批评概观

Panoramic View of Joyce Criticism

乔伊斯批评,或者说乔学,已经成为一门学问,甚至一份产业,在西方文学批评史上可与莎士比亚批评,即莎学,等量齐观。了解乔学对于乔伊斯研究具有十分重要的意义。乔学可大体上从一般性批评、《尤利西斯》之前的批评、《尤利西斯》批评、《芬尼根守灵夜》批评作总体考察。这四个方面既相对独立又在一定程度上相互重叠。一般性批评注重作家作品总体,大略包括读解性、评传性、批评性文字三大类;《尤利西斯》批评经历了一个从恶评到好评、从茫然不解到深入研究的曲折历程;《守灵夜》批评或以读解为侧重,或以批评为重点,与《尤利西斯》批评一起构成乔学中的双璧。

Joyce Criticism, like Shakespeare Criticism in the history of Western Criticism, has developed into a discipline,even an industry, understanding of which is doubtlessly significant for Joyce studies. This essay tries to get a panoramic view from the general criticism, criticism before Ulysses, Ulyssescriticism and Finnegans Wakecriticism. The four parts are relatively independent and overlapping to some extent. General criticism, taking an overall point of view, includes interpretative, biographical and critical works, while Ulysses criticism and Finnegans Wake criticism focus on the novels, the former experiencing a process from serious criticism to high praise, from dumbfounding ignorance to insightful readings, and the latter, foregrounding on interpretation or criticism, together with the former, forming the most brilliant and important portion of Joyce criticism.