对外直接投资理论的构建

Theory Construction of Direct Overseas Investments

对外直接投资已经成为经济全球化的一种重要经济现象。经济学学者们对这种现象展开了广泛的研究,形成了多种理论,如垄断优势理论、内部化理论、产品生命周期理论、比较优势理论、国际生产折衷理论。这些理论具有重要价值,但也存在一些问题。对外直接投资的本质是生产资本跨国流动,它的前提是相对过剩资本的出现,它的目的是追求剩余价值。对外直接投资是一个从国内生产到国际生产,从国际贸易到直接投资的过程。通过与国内生产和国际贸易的比较,有助于构建自然资源导向、市场导向、国际化生产的直接投资理论。

Overseas direct investment is an important economic phenomenon along economic globalization. There have already a number of theories to follow, such as the theories of monopoly advantage, internalization, product cycle, comparative advantage, and eclectic theory of international production. These theories are positive but conceive problems. The nature of direct investment is a flow of productive capital; the condition is relative surplus capital; and the objective is surplus value. So overseas direct investment is a process from national production to international production, and from foreign trade to direct investment. A comparison between national production and foreign trade facilitates constructing a theory for orienting the investment of natural resources, the market and internationalized production.