论自然灾害风险的综合行政管理

Integrated Governance of Natural Disaster Risk

自然灾害是区域可持续发展的障碍因素,甚至是一种极为重要的安全破坏因素。因此,在实现区域可持续发展过程中,要加强对自然灾害风险的管理工作。根据当前各国及地区对自然灾害风险管理的行政管理模式,以及区域自然灾害系统复杂性和链性的特征,提出建设区域自然灾害风险的综合行政管理体系,即“和则”、“合则”与“谐则”共存,“和度”、“合度”与“谐度”合一,纵向协调、横向协调与政策协调集成为一体,减灾资源高效利用的“三维矩阵管理”模式。以此加强辖区减灾区划、立法、规划、风险管理标准、规范、指标体系,以及应急预案编制、物资储备、应急行动、救灾救济能力建设。据此,提出中国各级政府构建辖区自然灾害风险的综合行政管理体系,即组建辖区“自然灾害风险管理局”,下设减灾法规、信息共享、科技、应急管理、应急行动、物资储备、救灾救济、装备管理等部门。在此基础上,明晰并完善辖区现有的气象、海洋、地震、地质、水旱、生物、火灾与病虫害等主要自然灾害的监测、预报与预警、风险评价、应急预案编制等相关专业技术的管理工作。

Natural disaster is an obstacle to regional sustainable development, or even a destructive factor to a safer world. Thus, it should receive enough attention for regional sustainability. This paper reviews the governance systems of natural disaster risk in several countries, It puts forward a theoretical framework for integrating the various theories. This framework is called ＂three dimensional matrix management mode＂, that is, the coexistence of ＂inter-government integration principle＂, ＂inter-department concertedness principle＂, and ＂institutional guarantee principle＂, and the integration of ＂inter-government integration scale＂, ＂inter-department concertedness scale＂, and ＂institutional guarantee scale＂. In fact, it is a combination of vertical integration, horizontal integration and policy integration. This paper also suggests set up regional ＂natural disaster risk governance bureau＂ which consists of departments of disaster codes, information sharing, science and technology, emergency management, emergency response, preparedness, mitigation and relief, and equipment management, et al.