长白山几种主要森林群落木本植物细根生物量及其动态

A preliminary study on fine root biomass and dynamics of woody plants in several major forest communities of Changbai Mountain,China

2005年在长白山北坡选择5种垂直植被带典型植物群落类型阔叶红松林、白桦林、山杨林、云冷杉林和岳桦林,利用钻取土芯法对细根分布及细根生物量进行了研究.研究结果表明,不同森林群落细根现存生物量存在一定的差异,其中白桦林最高,月平均细根现存生物量为5.1340 t/hm^2、其次为云冷杉林（5.0530 t/hm^2）、岳桦林（4.9255 t/hm^2）、阔叶红松林（4.4919 t/hm^2）和山杨林（3.9372 t/hm^2）;不同群落细根现存量月动态变化也有较大差异,月均最高最低相差阔叶红松林约为72﹪、白桦林近73﹪、山杨林26﹪、云冷杉林56﹪、岳桦林144﹪.在生长季节内不同群落细根发生和死亡也是不均匀的,春季所有群落都会产生大量的细根,一些群落在初秋（9月份）出现另一个较高的峰值,同时发现每次细根大量发生后,都随之产生大量细根的死亡,生长季末群落死亡细根生物量往往是最高的.调查群落72.9﹪以上的细根集中于土壤表层0～10cm的范围内,不同群落略有差别,在所研究的5种森林群落中,不同月份0～10cm土层中细根生物量几乎都表现出白桦林＞阔叶红松林＞云冷杉林＞岳桦林＞山杨林.

Fine root distribution and biomass were examined in 2005 using auger/soil core method in five forest communities along the northern slope of Changbai Mountain. Selected forest communities are Broad-leaved Korean Pine forest, Asian white bireh forest, David poplar forest, Spruce-fir forest and Ermans Bireh forest and belong to different vegetation belts of different altitudes. The results show that fine root biomass and seasonal dynamics vary among different forest communities. Asian white bireh forest has the highest monthly mean biomass （5. 1340 t/hm^2 ）, followed by Spruce-fir forest （5.0530 t/hm^2 ）, Ermans Bireh forest （4.9255 t/hm^2）, Broad-leaved Korean Pine forest （4.4919 t/hm^2 ） and David poplar forest （3.9372 t/hm^2）. The difference between highest and lowest monthly mean values is about 72 % in Broad-leaved Korean Pine forest, 73 % in Asian white bireh forest, 26 % in David poplar forest, 56% in Spruce-fir forest, and 144% in Ermans Birch forest. Along growing season, fine root growth is generally at the highest level in spring in all forest communities communities. Fine root mortality usually follows new root growth and reaches another peak in the early fall （September） in some and total biomass of dead fine roots reaches its maximum level at the end of growth season. Over 72.9% of fine roots are distributed within 0 - 10 cm of soil surface, which varies slightly among different communities. The fine root biomass in top 10 cm of forest soil surface follows the sequence of Asian white birch forest, Broad-leaved Korean Pine forest, Spruce-fir forest, Ermans Birch forest and David poplar forest from high to low.